application of polymers pdf

The structure of a polymer is easily visualized by imagining a chain. Thus, polymers are less and less exotic in the domain of health, and With a more demanding polymers are not pure crystalline low-molecular-weight compounds, a ‘pure’ polymer cannot be defined in similar terms. In the commercial production of plastics, elastomers, man-made fibres, adhesives, and surface coatings, a tremendous variety of polymers are used. These identical structures, we understand as a unit made up of two or more molecules, join together to form a long chain. Synthetic polymers play important role in agricultural uses as structural materials for creating a climate startxref These polymers have a similar structure to the polyamides, which have the urethane (carbamate) group as part of the polymer backbone. Conducting polymers (CPs) are an exciting new class of electronic materials, which … <<197A46634A2FDC458F48EDD045036786>]/Prev 389023/XRefStm 2357>> This section of Polymer Applications under Polymers is a right channel to publish all types of applications related to polymeric materials and their composites. 0000001387 00000 n Moreover, further tests of char-acterisation, for instance concerning surface properties, are usually needed. Thermoplastics start as regular pellets or granules and can be remelted. applications of polymer in the field of agriculture, highlighting present research trends , impact on food security and what the future holds. Polymers have played indispensable roles in the preparation of pharmaceutical products. APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERS:-Molecular science has developed enormously in recent eras. %PDF-1.4 %�� Polymers in biomedical applications are: non-toxic, biodegradable, biocompatible and meet the required specification for which they are intended because it has direct contact with the human body. Polymer testing and consultancy for plastics, additives with applications including aerospace, automotive, electronics, packaging and medical devices. Polymer, any of a class of natural or synthetic substances composed of very large molecules that are multiples of simpler chemical units. The sulphur is present due to the amino acid cysteine Major industrial polymers, chemical compounds used in the manufacture of synthetic industrial materials. 0 580 64 0000340463 00000 n 0000036287 00000 n 0000124456 00000 n large molecule or a macromolecule which essentially is a combination of many subunits Applications of conducting polymers: 1. M�/�A�HE�\F��E#�� &~H)�0��F�}�[�8@I��ܢM ��v̒�"^�8z��hW��[I�8E�hut��Tb�YvO��v{�`�d� 3G�Vl^�l۳I�Y�]b��6��T��w��Y�۹�Jš��NU+0�4��Y��I��;�kڻ?�ejሖ}��3.��Lb Their applications range widely from material packaging to fabrication of the most sophisticated drug delivery devices. Another application of polymers is the long strands known as fibers. 0000232684 00000 n 0000003470 00000 n 0000000923 00000 n Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) are present in almost all aspects of modern life - from gadget components to a vast selection of automotive accessories. Other engineers (mechanical, civil, electrical, etc.) Polymers cannot be classified under one category because of their complex structures, different behaviours, and vast applications. endstream endobj 30 0 obj <>stream Among many temperature-sensitive polymers, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAAm) find many applications. 5�� This review article focuses on conducting polymers and their applications. H��VYsG�+��i��7o��B%��R�lL��&��H�cv��J�5�-��O��lQ�� 2. It is an ideal introduction to this field, as well as a review of the latest research in this area. polymers are the backbone of four major industries viz. 0000026095 00000 n 0000027148 00000 n ��`��C�,߯Z�z�ӏ��YO�Lv�W;�V�UǕ��b��K�s��n*�w2��Mt��H��x*E��@�C��8��m�=�\��on��5��W�? 0000005980 00000 n This review includes various polymers used in pharmaceutics based on their applications. Application and Processing of Polymers … Classification of Polymers based on the Source of Availability plastics, elastomers, fibres and paints and varnishes. All kinds of polymers, either conventional engineering polymer or newly developed one, from thermoset and thermoplastic to vitrimer, are included. 0000006867 00000 n 643 0 obj <>stream �e��5JV�P�!,\��Ӆ��&��.X��H\�''_r�=��{�P �. A polymer is a high molecular mass compound ranging from 5000 to one million and they are formed by the combination of a large number of one or more low molecular weight compounds. Some polymers, especially the elastomers, are used in structures for the purpose of isolation and absorption of shock and vibration. Smart Polymers and Their Applications, Second Edition presents an up-to-date resource of information on the synthesis and properties of different types of smart polymers, including temperature, pH, electro, magnetic and photo-responsive polymers, amongst others. In basic terms, a polymer is a long-chain molecule that is composed of a large number of repeating units of identical structure. Cellulose ]�s��3�U�q˔�l��(��X|A�5CB՜B09�坚�^~Sh�j��E��B��(��; Polymer Processing. This means that to a very considerable degree the properties of a polymer can be tailored to particular practical applications. 0000025236 00000 n endstream endobj 21 0 obj <> endobj 22 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 23 0 obj <> endobj 24 0 obj <> endobj 25 0 obj <> endobj 26 0 obj <> endobj 27 0 obj <> endobj 28 0 obj <>stream applications of polymer in the field of agriculture, highlighting present research trends , impact on food security and what the future holds. 0000032576 00000 n 0000000716 00000 n 0000003373 00000 n These materials have been intensively studied over the years for a diverse range of applications, e.g., for on-demand drug delivery, tissue generation/repair, biosensing, Surface functionalization of biomaterials by grafting synthetic polymers represents a widespread strategy to prevent nonspecific biological adhesion, and impart the desired physicochemical, mechanical and tribological properties to the modified supports. 0000006069 00000 n The process by which the polymers are formed is called polymerisation. Applications of Polymers Macromolecular science has had a major impact on the way we live. 0000208571 00000 n h�b```b``�f`e`�te�c@ >f da�h s[~��-��S(��@��@ׄ��{� ��Y��yF�~�8J3��aD�0#�1 �� "q This page contains materials for the polymers class session on synthesis, properties and applications. 580 0 obj <> endobj of surface and bulk properties of polymers as these properties govern their utilization various applications. The CRP on The Stability and Stabilization of Polymers under Irradiation was organized from 1994 to 1997 (IAEA-TECDOC-1062). The chain has many links that are connected together. 0000003722 00000 n 0000001305 00000 n They are all polymers! Applications of Polymers, Elastomers, Fibers and Composites There are many ways to classify these 0 Polymersare very large molecules that are made up of thousands - even millions - of atoms that are bonded together in a repeating pattern. Derived from its name, meaning many repeating units, polymers are often made up of branches of carbon and hydrogen chemically linked together to make a chain. Perhaps, plastics/polymers might be the most widely used materials in the present world and also have been named as the ’the materials for the 21st century’ [22], [23]. typically design engineering components from the available … i�"S=⻹0��۠�΂!�n"�#�p|er,�y9'�#$zzN��n��M� ;Qz��-�Y��.� �63!b@�YrA`��a�$��|)c��#��W*Ǖ=Y��)�v�k(�F�ʶ#ׇ\�+�kT�T!�M%]��"A"��e4�g�+ڋ�!��<1\�]2��C�?Y|��rϦ�\|��3Cw]��- M(f1�囵ot� "Z�� 0000005554 00000 n <]/Prev 66165>> >k~��S��:��k㬯��h�AW39��Y��@��`�:� ��t of surface and bulk properties of polymers as these properties govern their utilization various applications. The word ‘polymer’ is coined from two Greek words: poly means many and mer means unit or part. Polymers make up many of the materials in living organisms, and they constitute the basis of certain minerals and human-made materials, such as paper and plastics. the application of polymers and their subsequent composites is still advancing and increasing quickly due to their ease regarding manufacturing. Applications of Polymers. 0000029024 00000 n 0000208441 00000 n ��&~E?�`xrIhtM��U+D{��G��됪��'�܆�Ǉm�l��Oc�!J�j�FL�AL��ukE=�/��qͼ�w*6��6�� N]F�ls]��G�W�X�ͪi�k uQ�� 2 Functionalized Polymers in Agriculture. The participants began research into the production of 0000272486 00000 n The typical average molecular weights (weight average) range from 30,000 to 1,000,000 gmol-1 or higher, depending on the polymer applications, therefore "n" can be varied between several tens and hundreds of thousands. Hence conducting polymers are used as antistatics. It is observed from the figure that all polymers have chemical structures that impart low polarity, that is, low affinity to water. 0000007283 00000 n 0000253642 00000 n 0000006915 00000 n It has become a necessity in our daily routines we shall talk now about the basic applications of polymers without which life wasn’t that easy. 0000004461 00000 n Polymer-based composites have attracted considerable interest in areas, such as: automobile, construction, electronics, packaging and aviation industries [1,2]. 0000077490 00000 n 0000014421 00000 n polymers have gained agreat popularity in pharmaceutical industries and become more and more important in this field owing to production of the new derivatives and finding new applications for existed compounds by pharmaceutical researchers. 0000001613 00000 n 0000007029 00000 n The unit substance or substances from which the polymer is obtained is called a monomer. 0000273163 00000 n •Polymers, the most versatile class of materials, have changed our day-to-day lives over the past several decades. What do DNA, a plastic bottle, and wood all have in common? We are going to discuss some of the main polymers used in our lives. ^[_�D26�^�a�z�؀�Z��~>ץ��DK��Qp�4]qG��s>�!�;��][��{��&$��ݎ��|J7`�1�t��5��"wG� �v��,�}1��h��@�%vx��e9$ɇ��I9��c�dM�f\��(��Eކj��:mOzk��=�G�t�]݌\9��zoJ(۞��v}j?�+�Cb3v;S��b�rs��c|VMa�u�y)��o�K[L 0000151361 00000 n hތ�ILSQ��^�Z��P�J�L"$�1)�e�e @��H�V$D��D{M��K�(1. Fibers include many types of synthetic yarn or rope that are made from amorphous materials such as the polyesters. Undoubtedly the applications of polymers are rapidly evolving. 0000027832 00000 n We can, therefore, classify polymers based on the following considerations. 0000232234 00000 n 0000003416 00000 n natural rubber latex, the modification of polymers for biomedical applications such as the radiation synthesis of membranes, hydrogels and adsorbents. startxref Applications of cyclic polymers As biointerfaces. Role of polymers in drug delivery will grow steeply in future to handle various unsolved issues. reaching practical applications, because it has led to an understanding of how and why the physical and chemical properties of polymers change with the nature of the monomers from which they are synthesized. 0000017913 00000 n 0000024823 00000 n 0000001608 00000 n 0000011662 00000 n 20 21 • However, applications of polymers was made only 40 years ago. 0000184867 00000 n xref 0000001720 00000 n H��U�n�0�=JC�Y��ð��%k�kS�?��h;vE ��s��I#��,]z1��1zQ��]�"��cl�|-�Q��)�؉�JWr�Xi[�9'�@3�U4��,Ua��ۻ}p��/�q��q�@�� The word “Polymer” is derived from two Greek words, ‘Poly’ that means many (numerous) and ‘Mer’ which means units. 0000006897 00000 n 0000004248 00000 n 0000341309 00000 n Application of different polymer including conducting polymer are discussed below: Organic solar sail produce electricity from sunlight using polymer. 0000006238 00000 n 40 0 obj <>stream 0000008111 00000 n Responsive polymer-based materials are capable of altering their chemical and/or physical properties upon exposure to external stimuli. 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